XV ICPP: View From the Outside and the Inside

Looking From The Inside And From The Outside

Many times in mathematics there is a natural dichotomy between describing some object from the inside and from the outside. Imagine algebraic varieties for instance; they can be described from the outside as solution sets of polynomial equations, but one can also try to understand how it is for actual points to move around inside them, perhaps to parameterize them in some way. The concept of fo...

The Inside-Outside Algorithm

This note describes the inside-outside algorithm. The inside-outside algorithm has very important applications to statistical models based on context-free grammars. In particular, it is used in EM estimation of probabilistic context-free grammars, and it is used in estimation of discriminative models for context-free parsing. As we will see, the inside-outside algorithm has many similarities to...

In-Between Space, Dialectic of Inside and Outside in Architecture

Defining space by dividing it to inside and outside is one of human’s ways to recognize his positionin environment. Architecture is created to response to this need for inside/outside spaces. Design of inside and outsideSpaces and relation between them always has been one of necessities for definition and limitation of human livingspaces, but little attention to relation of this two spatial rea...

An Insider’s View from the Outside

the role of russia in transmission of energy from central asia and caucuses to european union

پس ازفروپاشی شوروی،رشد منابع نفت و گاز، آسیای میانه و قفقاز را در یک بازی ژئوپلتیکی انرژی قرار داده است. با در نظر گرفتن این منابع هیدروکربنی، این منطقه به یک میدانجنگ و رقابت تجاری برای بازی های ژئوپلتیکی قدرت های بزرگ جهانی تبدیل شده است. روسیه منطقه را به عنوان حیات خلوت خود تلقی نموده و علاقمند به حفظ حضورش می باشد تا همانند گذشته گاز طبیعی را به وسیله خط لوله مرکزی دریافت و به عنوان یک واس...